Solar Wind–Geomagnetic Coupling Based on Yearly Averages

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Government Holkar Science College, Indore, M.P. India

Abstract

Understanding solar phenomena is essential for predicting and mitigating the effects of solar activity on Earth’s near-space environment. Solar variability influences space weather conditions, impacting satellite operations, communication systems, and even terrestrial climate. Continuous investigation into the dynamic relationship between solar and geomagnetic parameters provides valuable insight into the Sun–Earth connection. Future work in solar phenomena research will likely focus on improving our understanding of the Sun's behaviours, particularly regarding its impact on Earth. This includes refining and investigating the connection between solar activity and terrestrial climate. In the present work, the focus is on examining the relationship between solar wind parameters and geomagnetic indices using yearly averaged data. The electric field and IMF Bz vary noticeably, exhibiting peaks that correspond with sunspot cycles (spanning the years 2014 to 2025). The total magnetic field B increases during solar maxima and shows a strong correlation with the Dst index. The Dst index becomes more negative during periods of high sunspot activity, indicating stronger geomagnetic storms during the observed duration. Bz shows fluctuations between positive and negative values with no clear long-term trend. The negative Bz (southward) component is essential because it couples strongly with Earth’s magnetosphere, enhancing geomagnetic storms.

Keywords

References

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Iranian Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
Volume 12, Issue 3
December 2025
Pages 291-297

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